Candidate Instructions 🧒

You are the FY1 working in ED.

Mr Thomas Anderson is a gentleman who was brought in by an ambulance due to sudden onset chest pain.

Please elicit a focused history, offer your differentials, investigations and devise a management plan.


Station Material (ONLY OPEN WHEN PROMPTED)

There are no station materials for this station

Actor Instructions 🤒

Name: Thomas Anderson
DOB: DD/MM/YYYY
Age: 62

Agenda:

  • Obviously worried, want to see a specialist not a junior doctor
  • You want an expert opinion -- with the right attitude from candidate you can be persuaded to let junior doctor help you first

ICE:

  • I: You think this is a heart attack, you remember your father having similar symptoms
  • C: Your main concern is the pain -- you wish to have this relieved as it is making you very anxious
  • E: You want the pain to be relieved as soon as possible

PC:

  • Your work colleagues called an ambulance as you have severe central chest pain that started an hour ago. Throughout the consultation you are clearly distressed

HPC:

Positive symptoms:
  • Pain:
    • Centrally located pain
    • Started whilst sat at office computer
    • Heavy squeezing chest pain
    • Feeling short of breath
    • Radiating to left shoulder
    • Sudden onset
    • 9/10 severity in 30 minutes
    • Pain has eased since -- still in discomfort
    • Nauseous in the morning, did not eat breakfast
    • No vomiting
    • Thought it was indigestion from heavy meal previous night
    • Not feeling right since waking up
    • Not relieved/exacerbated by change in position
    • No medication taken
Negative symptoms:
  • No coughing blood
  • No wheezing
  • No fevers
  • No weight loss
  • No leg swelling
  • No tingling

PMHx:

  • GORD
  • Diabetes type 2
  • Hypertension
  • High cholesterol
  • No surgical Hx

DHx:

  • Omeprazole
  • Metformin
  • Amlodipine
  • Statin
  • No over the counter medications
  • No known drug allergies

FHx:

  • Father had a heart attack in his mid 50s -- heavy smoker
  • High cholesterol in family -- even sister who follows strict diet

SHx:

  • Stopped smoking when father passed away 10 years ago
  • Prior to that smoked average of 30 a day for 30 years
  • Drink minimal alcohol
  • No recreational drug use
  • Sedentary lifestyle -- spend most time sat at office desk
  • Stressful accountant job
  • Healthy diet which helps with GORD
  • Often eat fatty foods due to work
  • Live with wife -- fit and healthy
  • 2 sons live abroad

Mark Scheme ✍️

Introduction

Washes hands
Full name and role
Checks patient's name and DOB
Explains purpose of consultation
Enquires about ideas, concerns and expectations
all-markschemes.introduction

Presenting complaint

Establishes presenting complaint
history-markschemes.presenting-complaint

History of presenting complaint

Timeframe + onset
Ever happened before
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Loss of consciousness
Recent infections
Nausea and vomiting
Palpitations
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Pain

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Associations
Time
Exacerbation/alleviation
Severity
Analgesia
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Systemic symptoms

Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Night sweats
Fever
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Past medical history

Heart disease risk factors

Hypertension
Hypercholesterolaemia
Diabetes
history-markschemes.past-medical-history

VTE risk factors

Long haul flights
Clotting disorder
Malignancy
Recent surgery
history-markschemes.past-medical-history
General medical conditions
history-markschemes.past-medical-history

Drug history

Current medications
Known allergies
history-markschemes.drug-history

Family history

Heart disease in family
VTE in family
history-markschemes.family-history

Social history

Smoking, alcohol and recreational drug use
Living situation
Occupation
Diet
history-markschemes.social-history

Conclusion

Summarises + closes consultation appropriately
Patient questions
Thanks patient
all-markschemes.conclusion

Diagnosis

Myocardial infarction
all-markschemes.diagnosis

Differential diagnoses

Unstable angina
Aortic dissection
Pulmonary embolism
GORD
Pancreatitis
all-markschemes.diagnosis

Investigations

Bloods

Troponin (x2) -- repeat 3-6 hours later
FBC
U+Es
eGFR
all-markschemes.investigations

Further investigations

Cardiorespiratory examination
CXR
12-lead serial ECGs -- monitor ischaemic changes
Coronary angiography
all-markschemes.investigations

Management

Loading dose 300mg aspirin
Clopidogrel
Fondaparinux (depending on time to angio)
WHO pain ladder appropriate analgesia
Candidate explains management depends on ECG findings, time since onset and PCI availability
Hospital admission
all-markschemes.management

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